内容
People and work
一、教法建议
【 抛砖引玉 】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 语音学习
1 . 字母组合 ar 发［?］ , or 发 ［?］或［?］，er , ir , ur 发［?］。
2 . 句子重音和语调。
Ⅱ. 词汇学习
drive , driver , farm , farmer , soldier , worker , factory , study , evening , every , with , same , different
Ⅲ. 语法学习
1 . 一般现在时态：
I / You / We / They work here .
He / She / It works here .
- Do I / you / we / they work here ?
- Yes , I / you / we / they do . No , I / you / we / they don't .
- Does he / she / it work here ?
- Yes , he / she / it does . No , he / she / it doesn't .
2 . 动词第三人称单数形式：
help→helps ride→rides know→knows guess→guesses teach→teaches do→does fly→flies
Ⅳ. 交际英语
What does he do ? He is a driver .
Where does he work ? He works on a farm .
What do I do ? Where do you work ? Good evening !
-Do you speak Chinese ?
-A little .
【 指点迷津 】
单元重点词汇点拨
1 . drive 开 ( 汽车等 ) ；驾驶
Can you drive a car ?
Let me drive you home . 让我开车送你回家吧。
〖 点拨 〗drive 的过去式是 drove 。driver 司机，驾驶员
I want to be a driver . 我想当一名司机。
-er 是个用途很广的后缀，加在动词上，表示“从事某种行业的人” , 如 teacher ( 教师 ) , writer ( 作家 ) 等。
2 . farm 农场
He does a lot of farm work . 他做大量的农活。
〖 点拨 〗在农场 on the farm ， farmer 农民
In summer I help my parents on the farm .
Li Ming's uncle is a farmer . 李明的伯伯是个农民。
3 . soldier 士兵，战士
Look at that soldier . He's my brother . 看那位战士，他是我哥哥。
Children like to play soldiers . 孩子们喜欢扮演士兵。
〖 点拨 〗注意该词的发音。
4 . factory 工厂
How many factories are there in your city ?
The glass factory is open every day . 这家玻璃厂每天都开门。
〖 点拨 〗factory 的复数为 factories
5 . study 学习
Where does she study ? 她在什么地方学习 ?
〖 点拨 〗study 还可作名词“书房”“学习，研究”。make a study of对……进行研究。
6 . evening 傍晚、晚上
We will have a meeting this evening . 今天晚上我们要开会。
I am always at home in the evening . 晚上我总在家。
〖 点拨 〗在晚上 in the evening ，at night在夜里。注意：English evening英语晚会。
7 . every 每一，每个的
He helped me with my English every evening .
〖 点拨 〗every 作“每一”解，修饰的是可数名词单数，其后面的谓语动词及物主代词也要用单数。
Every boy and every girl has a pen here .
8 . same 同样的，同一的
We are in the same class . 我们在同一班。
They all came to my home on the same day .
〖 点拨 〗the same 用在一起。
12 . different 不同的
〖 点拨 〗其名词为 difference。be different from 与……不同。
My book is quite different from yours . = My book is not the same as yours .
单元词组思维运用
1 . on a farm 在农场
He works on a farm .
2 . in a factory 在工厂里
Do you work in a factory or on a farm ? 你在工厂里工作还是在农场里工作 ?
3 . in a shop 在商店
There are a lot of people in the shop on Sundays . 星期天，商店里有许多人。
4 . in a school 在一所学校
We study in a middle school . 我们在一所中学里学习。
How many teachers are there in your school ? 你们学校有多少教师 ?
5 . near here 在这附近
He works on a farm near here . 他就在这附近的一个农场里工作。
6 . in the evening / morning , afternoon 在晚上 / 早上，下午
My father goes to work in the morning .
〖 提示 〗在泛指一天中的早上、中午、晚上时，前面用介词 in。特指某个上午、下午、晚上用介词on 。如：We will have an interesting lesson on the evening of Tuesday .
7 . go to classes 去上课
I go to Chinese classes every week . 我每周都去上汉语课。
一、学海导航
【 学法指要 】
单元句型思路明晰
1 . 如何询问某人的职业
What does he / she do ? 他 ( 她 ) 是干什么工作的 ? (或者：What is your job ? 等)
What does your father do ?
如问“你是干什么工作的 ? ”可说：What do you do ? 此外，还可说：What are you ? What's your father ?
2 . 询问某人在何处干什么用
Where does he / she work / study ？ 他 ( 她 ) 在哪里工作 ( 学习…… ) ?
Where does she live ?
Where does he stay ?
where 为副词，注意句尾不要再加介词。但 Where does he come from ?
3 . Good evening ! 晚安 !
寒暄用语。与人见面，午前用 Good morning ; 午后用 Good afternoon ; 黄昏时用 Good evening ；分别时用 Good-bye；如在夜间分别，则用 Good night 。
单元难点疑点释疑
1 . I like it a lot . 我很高兴在中国工作。
这里的 it 指的是 working in China 。
3 . Do you have any children ? 你有孩子吗 ?
any “任何”后接不可数名词或可数名词，例如：
Do you have any water ? 你有水吗 ?
Do you have any sisters ? 你有姐妹吗 ?
3 . Yes , I do . I have two children-a son and a daughter . 我有两个孩子， 一个儿子和一个女儿。
Yes , I do 是 I have children 的简略回答。
two children 两个孩子，children 是 child 的复数形式
a son and a daughter 一个儿子，一个女儿。
a 和 an 是不定冠词，均用于单数名词前，表示某一类人或物中的“一个”，但不强调数目概念。
a 用于辅音前，an 用于元音前。例如：
He's a worker . 他是位工人。
This is an orange . 这是一个桔子。
He has an egg . 他有一个鸡蛋。
4 . They go to school here . too . but , he says , to a different school form his . 他们在这里上学但是，他说与他不是同一所学校。
( 1 ) here 指 in China , his 指 his school .
( 2 ) different…from…“与……不同”“和……不一样”例如：
Mary is different from Jane . 玛莉与珍不同。
5 . What do you do ? 你是做什么工作的 ?
( 1 ) 询问某人的职业时，可说 What do you do ? 或 What does he / she…do ? What's his / her job ? 例如：
- What does your father do ? 你父亲是做什么工作的。
- He's a policeman . 他是警察。
- What do I do ? Can you guess ? 我是做什么工作的 ? 你能猜出来吗 ?
- I think you must be a film star . 我想你一定是个电影明星。
( 2 ) 注意 What do you do ? 中的两个 do。第一个 do 是助动词，没有词义，用于构成疑问句。第二个 do 是实义动词，意思是“做”。在用 do 做谓语的否定句或疑问句中，两个 do 缺一不可。例如：
I don't do my homework in the afternoon . 我不在下午做家庭作业。
Does your mother do the housework on Saturday or on Sunday ? 你妈妈是星期六还是星期天做家务活 ?
6 . - Do you speak Chinese ? 你说汉语吗 ?
- A little 会说一点儿。
A little。是简略回答，完整的句子是：Yes , I speak a little Chinese .
在日常交际中回答对方问话时，往往不重复对方所说内容，而是简洁回答。例如：
-Where do you work ? 你在哪儿工作 ?
-Oh , on a farm near here . 哦，在附近的一个农场。 ( 完整的回答是：Oh , I work on a farm near here . )
-How do you like China ? 你喜欢中国吗 ?
-Very much .
7 . Are you all in the same school ? 你们都在同一所学校吗 ?
No , we aren't . The children go to a different school . 不，不在。孩子们去另一所 ( 不同的 ) 学校上学。
same 和 different 是形容词。same 意为“同样的、同一的”；different 意为“不同的”。在句中 same 前要用 the , different 如修饰单数名词，前面则要用 a . 例如：
The twins look the same . They are in the same school . But they are in different classes . 这对双胞胎看上去 ( 长得 ) -样。他们在同一所学校，但不同的班级。
Lucy and Lily are wearing the same blouses and trousers . 露西和莉莉穿着同样的衬衫和裤子。
There are many different things in the shop . 商店里有许多不同的商品。
I don't like the red coat . Please give me a different one . 我不喜欢这件红色的上衣，请给我一件不同的。
8 . Chinese classes
Chinese classes 意思是语文课。class 有几个意思，要注意它在不同句子中的不同意思
There are six classes in our grade . 我们年级有六个班。
We have four classes in the morning . 我们上午上四节课。
Good morning , class ! 同学们，早晨好 !
9 . with 和 and 的区别
with 和 and 意思都是“和”，但词性不一样。with 是介词，后面跟名词或代词的宾格。例如：
He goes to school with me every day .
I live with my parents .
and 是连词，连接两个并列的单词、短语或句子。例如：
I like red and black .
He likes playing football and watching TV .
Mr Li is our teacher and he is our friend , too .
10 . in a school 和 in school 的区别
in a school 表示地点，是说明所在的地方。in school 表示“在学校读书，求学”。例如：
Mr Brown teaches English in a school . 布朗夫人在一所学校教英语。
My brother is in school . 我兄弟在校读书。
11 . He speaks some Chinese , but not much . 他能讲一些中文，但不多。
表示语言的名词如 Chinese，English , French , Japanese 等是不可数名词，没有复数形式，可以用 some , a little , much 等修饰，不能用 many 修饰。原句中的 some 可用 a little 代替。but 是连词，表示语气的转折，引导一个并列句。but not much 是个省略句，完整的句子是 but he doesn't speak much English。在英语日常交际用语中，特别是对话中常常省略前句已经出现过的词语，以避免重复。如：
-Do you speak Japanese ?
-Yes , but only a little . ( = Yes , but I can speak only a little Japanese . )
-Where do you work ?
-On a farm near here . ( = I work on a farm near here . )
-How do you like the park ?
-Very much . ( = I like it very much . )
【 妙文赏析 】
A Very Important Person
Important people often like to show how important they are .
They usually have the largest cars . They live in the biggest houses . They wear the most expensive clothes . They eat in the best restaurants .
Mr . Mammoth , the president of Acme . , was an important man . Acme Inc . was an important company , one of the biggest in the country .
Thousands of men and women worked for it .
The offices of Acme Inc . were in The Acme Building . This was one of the tallest buildings in the city . It had fifty floors .
Mr . Mammoth , the president , had his office on the top floor . One day a man came to see him . He walked up to Mr . Mammoth’s secretary . She was , of course , the most beautiful secretary in the company .
“ My name is John Watkins , ” he told her . “ I have come to see Mr . Mammoth . My appointment is at ten o’clock . ”
The most beautiful secretary in the building looked at the clock on the wall . It was the largest clock in the company .
“ It is ten o’clock now , ” she said . “ You are on time for your appointment . However , I am afraid you cannot see Mr . Mammoth . ”
John Watkins was surprised .
“ Oh ? Why is that ? ” he asked .
“ Mr . Mammoth is playing golf . ”
“ Oh , ” John Watkins said . “ Then he won’t be coming to his office today . ”
The most beautiful secretary in the company smiled at him .
“ Mr . Mammoth’s already here , ” “ He has the largest office in the world . ”
注释：president 总裁。Inc 有限公司 ( Incorporated 的缩写，英国人多用Ltd ) 。company 公司。 secretary 秘书 。appointment 约会。surprise 使惊奇。golf 高尔夫球。smile 微笑。
【 思维体操 】
1 . Which letters mean the twenty - six letters of English ? _______
2 . A big American and a little American were in a car . The little American was the big American son . But the big American was not his father . Who was the big American ? ______
答案：1 . ABC 2 . The little American's mother .
三、智能显示
【 心中有数 】
单元语法发散思维
※ 一般现在时和现在进行时的区别：
一般现在时表示经常、反复或习惯性的动词，常和时间状语 always , often , usually , sometimes , every and , in the morning , on Sundays 等连用。
现在进行时表示此时此刻或说话瞬间正在发生的动作或存在的状态，常和时间状语 now 连用。如：
Do you often go and see your teacher ? 你经常去看你的老师吗 ?
I always clean my bedroom on Sundays . 我总在每周日打扫卧室。
She is cleaning her bedroom now . 她现在正在打扫卧室。
Listen ! Who is singing in the room ? 听 ! 谁在房间唱歌 ?
※ 句子的种类：
英语的句子按其用途可分为：
( 1 ) 陈述句：用来说明事实或说话人的看法。
She doesn't like swimming .
( 2 ) 疑问句：用来提出问题。分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
Is Jim in Class 2 or ( in ) Class 1 ?
She is a good girl , isn't she ?
( 3 ) 祈使句：用来表示请求、命令。
Throw it like this。像这样扔。
Don't throw it like that . 不要像那样扔。
( 4 ) 感叹句：用来表达强烈的感情。
What a good boy he is !
How beautiful our school is !
【 动手动脑 】
单元能力立体检测
1 . The boy ____ a blue coat is Jack .
A . at B . of C . on D . in
2 . Lucy looks like Lily . Do you think ____ ?
A . so B . it C . this D . that
3 . There is ____ on the table .
A . three cups of tea B . three cup of teas
C . three cups of teas D . a cup of tea
4 . The students play games ____ Thursday afternoon .
A . on B . at C . in D . of
5 . My father ____ in shop , but he ___ there these days .
A . works , isn't working B . is working , works
C . works , not works D . is work , doesn't work
6 . There aren't ____ flowers in this school .
A . many B . much C . some D . a lot
7 . Are there any ____ in the house ?
A . meat B . milk C . orange D . people
8 . What does he teach ____ ?
A . her B . his C . your D . their
9 . We get up ____ .
A . at six in the morning B . at six of the morning
C . in the morning at six D . in morning on six
10 . “Whose room is this ? ”“____ . ”
A . The twins B . The twin's C . The twins' D . The twin
11 . These are your shoes . Those are ____ .
A . their B . her C . his D . your
12 . The ____ is Wang Ping .
A . boy's name's B . boy's name C . girl's names D . girls' names'
13 . -____ your family with you in England ?
-No , they are in China .
A . Is B . Do C . Are D . Does
14 . -What do you think of the Chinese people ?
-____ very friendly .
A . They are B . It is C . He is D . She is
15 . Look ! Uncle Wang ____ a machine .
A . is doing B . is making C . does D . makes
16 . Could I have ____ ?
A . an orange B . some apple C . a little banana D . any milk
17 . ____ your uncle work here in this factory ?
A . Do B . Does C . Is D . Are
18 . Take your coat ____ you , please .
A . of B . about C . with D . at
19 . One of ____ up and answers the question .
A . boys stand B . the boy stands C . the boys stands D . the boys stand
20 . I can only do ____ .
A . one of questions B . one of the question
C . a one of the question D . one of the questions
答案与提示：1 . 本题意思是，穿着蓝色上衣的那个男孩是 Jack，表示“穿着”，用介词 in。 2 . 本题意思是，Lucy 看起来像 Lily，你认为是吗 ? 问对方是否也有同样的想法或看法，英语中常说 Do you think so ? 此处 so 为代词，代替上句提到过的事情。在这个句型中 think 后面不可用其它代词。 3 . 本题表示不可数名词的量，用一个相当于量词的可数名词后加 of，前面再用数词修饰，如 two pieces of paper ( 两张纸 ) ，three bottles of beer ( 三瓶啤酒 ) ，原来的不可数名词后仍不加 -s，据此，本题应选 A。 4 . 表示在某一天的上午、下午、晚上，介词用 on，而笼统地说在上午，下午，晚上用 in。试比较 : in the morning , on Sunday morning . 5 . 前一句表示父亲在这家商店工作，这是父亲上班的地方，是经常性习惯性的动作，故用一般现在时态，后一句说明父亲这几天不在该店工作，这是临时的，是目前几天的情况，故应用现在进行时态，据上，本题应选 A。 6 . flower 是可数名词，句子是否定句，故只能选 A。much 修饰不可数名词，some 用在肯定句中，a lot 修饰动词，只有 a lot of 才可修饰名词，故均应排除。 7 . 本题是 there + be 的句型，从谓语动词 Are 来分析，主语肯定是复数名词，故应选 D。AB 两项中的名词不可数，C 项的orange 是单数，均不合语法规则。 8 . 本题动词 teach 带有两个宾语，代表物的是直接宾语，在本题中就是 what，代表人的间接宾语应该是人称代词的宾格，故选 A。其余三项均为物主代词，不符合语法规则。 9 . 本题意思是：我们早晨六点起床，表示在几点钟，用介词 at，在早晨用 in the morning。故 A 为正确答案。 10 . 本题检测名词所有格的用法，双胞胎是 twins，是以 s 结尾的名词，其名词所有格只须在词尾加 ’即可，故 C 项为正确答案。 11 . 本题意思是：这些是你的鞋了，那些是他的。后一句中的物主代词无名词，故应用名词性物主代词，只有 C 项符合要求，其余三项均是形容词性物主代词。 12 . 本题意为：这男孩名叫王平。主语是 name，根据题意，应为单数，且名词所有格只能作定语，不能作主语，故排除 ACD 三项，B 项为正确选择。 13 . 本题难点在于确定主语 family 是单数还是复数，在题中 family 作“家庭成同”且在答句中用 they 来代替，据此，应选 C。 14 . Chinese people 意为“中国人民”，是复数，故相应的人称代词应用 they，所以应选 A。 15 . 从动词 look ( 看 ) 可推知，该动作正在进行，故用现在进行时。又表示“造机器”，应用动词 make 故选 B。 16 . apple 是可数名词，被 some 修饰时应用复数形式；a little 修饰不可数名词，但 banana 是可数名词在 Could I have… ? 这种问句中，问者显然是希望得到肯定回答的，故不能用 any，应用 some。据上只有 A 为正确答案。 17 . 本题主语是第三人称单数形式，谓语是行为动词，构成一般疑问句，应用助动词 does，故应选 B。 18 . 叫某人带上某物，用 take sth . with sb . 。本题意思是：请带上你的外套。所以选作介词 with。 19 . One of 后应接复数名词，在该复数名词前还应有定冠词。本题主语是 one，属第三人称单数，谓语动词应加 -s，故选 C。 20 . 本题与上题相同，one of 后加复数名词，并在复数名词前加上定冠词。
【 创新园地 】
将下列句子重新排列，使其成为一段意思完整的对话：
1 . What do you do ?
2 . In a shoe factory .
3 . Do you have any children ?
4 . Of course . He's a middle school student .
5 . What's your name , please ?
6 . I'm worker .
7 . John King .
8 . Where do you work ?
9 . Only a son .
10 . Is he a student ?
( 请同学们把你写好的答案反馈给我们 )
创新园地答案：5-7-1-6-8-2-3-9-10-4
