比較級和最進階的用法
在英語中通常用下列方式表示的詞:在形容詞或副詞前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加後綴 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容詞或副詞所表示的質、量或關係的增加。英語句子中，將比較兩個主體的方法叫做“比較句型”。其中，像“A比B更……”的表達方式稱爲比較級；而“A最……”的表達方式則稱爲最進階。組成句子的方式是將形容詞或副詞變化成比較級或最進階的形態。
一、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最進階的構成規則
1．一般單音節詞和少數以-er，-ow結尾的雙音節詞，比較級在後面加-er，最進階在後面加-est；
（1）單音節詞
如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest
tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest
（2）雙音節詞
如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest
2．以不發音e結尾的單音節詞，比較在原級後加-r，最進階在原級後加-st；
如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest
3．在重讀閉音節（即：輔音＋元音＋輔音）中，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，比較級加-er，最進階加-est；
如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
4．以“輔音字母＋y”結尾的雙音節詞， 把y改爲i，比較級加-er，最進階加-est；
如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest
5．其他雙音節詞和多音節詞，比較級在前面加more，最進階在前面加most；
如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
different→more different→most different
easily→more easily→most easily
注意：（1）形容詞最進階前通常必須用定冠詞 the，副詞最進階前可不用。
例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.
（2） 形容詞most前面沒有the，不表示最進階的含義，只表示"非常"。
It is a most important problem.
=It is a very important problem.
6．有少數形容詞、副詞的.比較級和最進階是不規則的，必須熟記。
如：good→better→best well→better→best
bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst
old→older/elder→oldest/eldest
many/much→more→most little→less→least
far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
二、形容詞、副詞的比較級和最進階的用法
1．“A + be +形容詞比較級 + than + B” 意思爲“A比B更……”。
如：This tree is taller than that one. 這棵樹比那棵樹高。
注意：
① 在含有連詞than的比較級中，前後的比較對象必須是同一範疇，即同類事物之間的比較。
②在比較級前面使用much，表示程度程度“強得多”。
如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.
③ very, quite一般只能修飾原級，不能修飾比較級。
2．“比較級 + and + 比較級”或“more and more +原級”表示“越來越……”
如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.
春天來了，天氣變得越來越暖和了。
It is getting cooler and cooler.
天氣越來越涼爽。
The wind became more and more heavily.
風變得越來越大。
Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
我們的學校變得越來越美麗。
3．在含有or的選擇疑問句中，如果有兩者供選擇，前面的形容詞要用比較級形式。
如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 誰更高，Tim還是Tom?
4. “the +比較級……, the+比較級”，表示“越……越……”。
The more money you make, the more you spend.
錢你賺得越多，花得越多。
The sooner，the better.
越快越好。
5. 表示倍數的比較級用法：
①. A is …times the size /height/length/width of B.
如：The new building is three times the height of the old one.
這座新樓比那座舊樓高三倍。(新樓是舊樓的四倍高)
②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide/large as B.
如：Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。(亞洲比歐洲大三倍)
③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B.
如：Our school is twice bigger than yours.
我們學校比你們學校大兩倍。
6.形容詞、副詞的最進階形式主要用來表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比較，表示“最……”的意思。
句子中有表示範圍的詞或短語。如：of the three, in our class等等。
如：He is the tallest in our class.
他在我們班裏是最高的。
7."否定詞語+比較級"，"否定詞語+ so… as"結構表示最進階含義。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
8. 比較級與最進階的轉換：
Mike is the most intelligent in his class.
Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class
7.修飾比較級和最進階的詞
1）可修飾比較級的詞
①.a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等。
②. 還可以用表示倍數的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。
③. 以上詞(除by far)外，必須置於比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。
注意： 使用最進階要注意將主語包括在比較範圍內。
(錯) Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.
(對) Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.
2)下列詞可修飾最進階：by far, far, much, mostly, almost。
This hat is nearly / almost the biggest.
注意：
a. very可修飾最進階，但位置與much不同。
This is the very best.
This is much the best.
b. 序數詞通常只修飾最進階。
Africa is the second largest continent.
8.要避免重複使用比較級。
(錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(對) He is more clever than his brother.
(對) He is cleverer than his brother.
9.要避免將主語含在比較對象中。
(錯) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(對) China is larger than any other country in Asia.
10.要注意對應句型，遵循前後一致的原則。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
11.要注意冠詞的使用，後有名詞的時候，前面纔有可能有名詞。
比較：Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
三.典型例題
1） ---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes，I'm fine now.
A. any well B. any better C. quite good
D. quite better
答案：B. any 可修飾比較級，quite修飾原級，well的比較級爲better.
2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much
D. more much
答案：C. much可修飾比較級，因此B，C都說得通，但easier本身已是比較級，不需more，因此C爲正確答案。
3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.
A. the happiest time B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time D. a much happier time
答案：D。
比較級和最進階的用法
1.兩者相比（甲=乙），用“as+原級+as”表示
Tom is as tall as Mike.
2.兩者相比（甲〈 乙），用“not as(so) +原級+as”或“less than”表示
I didn’t do my homework so(as) carefully as you.
The picture is less attractive than that one.
3.兩者相比（甲〉乙），用“比較級+than”表示
Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country.
注意：1) 爲了避免重複，在從句中常用one, that, those等詞來代替前面提過的名詞。
The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.
The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.
2)比較等級應注意避免和包括自己的對象比。
比較級+than+
any other + 單數名詞
all the other + 複數名詞
anyone else
any of the other + 複數名詞
3）如果形容詞作定語修飾一個單數可數名詞，一般將不定冠詞a/an放在形容詞之後。
Our neighbour has _____ ours.
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. house the same big as
4）比較級前一般不用冠詞，但若表示“兩者中較……時”。比較級前要加定冠詞。若比較級後有名詞，常在比較級前加不定冠詞，表示泛指。
E.g. 他是兩者中較高的一個
He is the taller of the two.
她唱得真動聽！我可從未聽過比這更好的嗓音了。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
4. 三者或三者以上相比，表示最進階時，用“the +最進階”的結構表示，這種句式一般常有表示比較範圍的介詞短語。
Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.
He works (the) hardest in his class.
That was the least exciting football game I’ve ever watched.
This hotel is the most comfortable I’ve ever stayed.
注意：當最進階的前面無限定詞the或有不定冠詞a/an時，僅表示“很……，非常……”
Monday is my busiest day.
星期一是我很忙的一天。
Qingdao is a most (very) beautiful coastal city.
青島是一個非常美麗的海濱城市。
