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八年級英語unit7課件

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八年級英語unit7課件

八年級英語unit7課件:Past and present

一. 教學內容:

Unit 1 Past and present Graar

二. 教學目標:

掌握Unit1的語法: Present perfect tense 現在完成時的用法

三. 教學過程

(一)基本概念

1、定義

現在完成時用來表示之前已發生或完成的動作或狀態,但它的影響現在還存在;也可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態。

2、構成: have (has) +過去分詞。規律變化的過去分詞與過去式的變化一樣,在動詞詞尾加ed; 不規律變化的過去分詞見不規律動詞表,需要同學們記憶。

3、句型:

現以see the fil為例將現在完成時的肯定句,否定句和疑問句列表如下:

肯定句:I/u/We/The have seen the fil. He/She /It has seen the fil.

否定句:I/u/We/The have nt/ haven’t seen the fil.

He/ She/It has nt/hasn’t seen the fil.

疑問句:Have I/u/the seen the fil? es, u/ we/I/the have. N, u/ we/I/the haven’t.

Has he/she/it seen the fil? es, he/ she/ it has. N, he/ she/ it hasn’t.

(二)用法:現在完成時既涉及過去,又聯繫現在。

用法一:表示過去發生或已經完成的某一動作對現在造成的影響或結果。常與ust(剛剛),alread(已經),never(從來沒有),ever(曾經),befre(以前),et(仍然),nce(一次),twice(兩次),an ties(很多次),hw an ties(多少次),s far(迄今為止),during the past(last)three ears(最近三年來)等連用。

※ 副詞的位置:①ust常用於肯定句中,放在have / has後,He has ust ce .

②never表示否定, 放在have / has後, He has never visited the Great Wall.

③ever用於疑問句中,句型為: Have / Has+主語+ever +過去分詞?“……曾經……過嗎?”用於詢問某人過去的經歷。Have u ever been t the far?

④befre用於句末,The wan has never heard f that befre.

⑤et 用於句末或nt 之後. Has the train arrived et? N, nt et.

⑥alread用於肯定句, have / has 之後或句末 have alread finished it.

⑦s far用於句首或句末. S far, we have visited the n.

用法二:表示過去已經開始,一直延續到現在的動作或狀態。時間狀語有:

(三)現在完成時態中可以和表示一段時間的狀語(fr,since,hw lng, all ne’s life)連用的動詞必須是表示延續的情況或動作的動詞,即延續性動詞。如:be,have,nw,live,wr,stud,learn,teach,eep,spea,tal,draw,wait,wear,wal,sleep,drive,write,d,clean等。

I have been a teacher fr nearl 20 ears. Hw lng has he lived here?

(四)延續性動詞的現在完成時可和包括“現在”在內的(到説話時仍未結束)表示一段時間的狀語連用。如this rning,tda,this wee,these das

He has been t Beiing three ties this ear.

He has written tw letters this rning.(説話時間在上午)

He wrte tw letters this rning.(説話時間在下午或晚上)

(五)英語中還有一些動詞的'意義決定它們所表示的動作不能延續,只是一瞬間

就結束的動作,這類動詞叫做“非延續性動詞”,常見的有:ce,g,arrive,reach,see,hear,clse,pen,leave,begin,start,lse,bu,fall,in,die,get up,bece,brrw,lend,find,finish,receive等。這些動詞可用於現在完成時,説明某個動作的結果還存在,但不能和表示一段時間的狀語(hw lng,fr,since)連用。

He has ce bac.(√)

He has ce bac fr tw hurs.(×)

※ 但在否定句中,非延續性動詞也可用表示一段時間的狀語來修飾,如

I haven’t heard fr  father fr a lng tie.

We haven’t seen hi since 1999.

(六)當終止性動詞(非延續性動詞)與表示一段時間的狀語(hw lng,since,fr,all ne’s life)相矛盾時,改正病句的方法有如下幾種:

(1)用副詞ag把現在完成時的句子改為過去時.

He has ce bac fr tw wees.(F)

改為: He cae bac tw wees ag.(T)

I have lst  bie fr ten das. (F)

改為: I lst  bie ten das ag. (T)

(2)用“It is / has been+時間+since+過去時態”句型來改寫。

He has ined the League fr 3 ears. (F)

It is 3 ears since he ined the League.(T)

I have bught the b fr 5 das. (F)

It is 5 das since I bught the b. (T)

He has died fr 20 ears. (F)

It is 20 ears since he died. (T)

(3)用“時間+has passed+since+過去時態”句型來改寫。

He has left he fr 20 ears.

改為: Twent ears has passed since he left he.

He has lst his pen fr 2 das.

改為: Tw das has passed since he lst his pen.

(4)用系表關係來改寫.

He has died fr 20 ears.

改為: He has been dead fr 20 ears.

The factr has pened since 1999.

改為: The factr has been pen since 1999.

Hw lng has he left?

改為: Hw lng has he been awa?

(5)用相應的延續性動詞替代非延續性動詞。

He has bught the b fr tw wees.

改為: He has had the b fr tw wees.

常見的相應轉換形式如下:

brrw / lend→eep, bu→have, finish / end→be ver, arrive /ce / g / ve / reach /get t→be in /at / be here /be there, begin / start→be n , pen→be pen , clse→be clsed, die→be dead , leave→be awa(fr), g t schl→be in schl / be a student, get up→be up, fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get t nw→nw, lse→be lst, bece→be, return / ce bac / get bac→be bac, in→be in / be a…eber, in the ar→be in the ar /be a sldier, receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / get a cld→have a cld, begin t stud→stud

他參軍已有三年。

He has ined the ar fr three ears.(F)

改為:

He has been in the ar fr three ears / since three ears ag.

He has been a sldier fr three ears / since three ears ag.

He ined the ar three ears ag.

It is three ears since he ined the ar.

Three ears has passed since he ined the ar.

(1)He cae t ur village tw ears ag.=He ur village since tw ears ag.

(2)He left he three das ag. =He he fr 3 das.

(3)I bught the watch 2 wees ag. =I the watch since 2 wees ag.

(4)It is 5 das since I brrwed the b. =I the b fr 5 das.

(5)The fil has begun. = The fil fr half an hur.

(6)I gt t nw hi 10 ears ag. =I hi fr 10 ears.

(7)There is a factr. =There a factr fr 20 ears.

(8)Our schl pened in 1960. =Our schl since 1960.