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NSEFC Unit 16 重點難點講解

英語寫作指導 閲讀(2.67W)

Unit 16

一、重難點講解

1.Why should students be careful smelling from bottles?

為什麼學生在聞瓶中氣味時要當心?

be careful doing的意思是“做某事仔細或小心”,be careful後面常跟with,in,about等介詞短語,也可跟to do或從句。例如:

People should be more careful about the things they say.

大家對自己説的話應該很謹慎。

Be careful that the medicine is kept away from children.

要小心把藥放在安全的地方,不要讓小孩拿到。

Please be very careful with those plates! 那些盤子,要十分小心。

2.What is to be done when anything gets into your eyes?

如果你眼睛裏進了東西,該怎麼辦?

①“be+ to do”結構表示安排、命令、職責、義務、目的、用途、可能性、命中註定等。例如:

We are to meet at the school gate. 我們約定在校門口碰頭。(安排)

You are to be back by 10 o’clock. 你得在10點鐘前回來。(命令)

A knife is to cut with. 刀是用來切割的。(用途)

They were never to meet again.他們註定以後永遠不再見面。(命中註定)

②不定式的被動式用於當邏輯主語是不定式動作的接受者。再如:

Do you want to be taught German? 你想讓人教你德語嗎?

3.More roads and trains mean more pollution.

更多的路和火車意味着更多的污染。

試比較:mean to do sth. 打算幹某事 mean doing sth. 意味着…

I don’t mean to argue with you. 我不打算跟你吵架。

Passing the entrance exam means being admitted into college.

通過了高考意味着被大學錄取。

4.It is fast and clean and it doesn’t make any noise as planes do.

它既快又清潔而不像飛機那樣製造噪音。

①make a noise 吵鬧、喧譁、製造噪音。例如:

Try not to make a noise when you go upstairs.

Don’t make so much noise. 不要大聲喧譁。

②as在這裏作連詞用,意思為“像……一樣”,如:

She is a fine singer,as her mother used to.

像她媽媽過去一樣,她是個很好的歌手。

5.We should make more use of this new technology.

我們應該更好地利用這種新技術。

make use of利用,use前不用冠詞,但可以加上某些形容詞。如:

make good use of好好利用

make full use of充分利用

make the best use of充分利用

make little use of 不充分利用

6.It is good for the economy、那對經濟(發展)有好處。

be good for作“對……有好處”;“對……有益”。例如:

Milk is good for you. 牛奶對你健康有益。

It is not good for children to give them everything they want.

孩子要什麼就給什麼,這對他們並無益處。

比較:be good to sb.(對……友善)。例如:

This boss is good to his employees, especially when they are ill.

這位老闆對他的僱員很好,尤其是當他們生病時。

be good at(擅長於)。例如:

The children is good at language study.這孩子擅長語言學習。

7.In the 18th century,Benjamin Franklin conducted a number of experiments in which he showed what electricity is.

十八世紀,本傑明弗蘭克林做了一系列實驗,以證明電是什麼。

In June 1752,I wanted to show that lighting and electricity are the same.

1752年6月,我要證明閃電和電是一回事。

①一般來説,從句的動詞時態與主句的動詞時態保持一致,也就是説,如果主句中用過去時,從句一般也用過去範疇的時態。但是如果從句表達的是一種真理或客觀事實,使用一般現在時。

②“做實驗”的各種説法:

do an experiment

make an experiment

perform an experiment

conduct an experiment

carry out an experiment

③conduct作為及物動詞,作“指導,引導;指揮(樂團、樂曲);經營,管理”。如

He conducted me around the museum. 他領我參觀了博物館。

He conducted the orchestra. 他指揮管弦樂團。

The manager conducted his business carefully.

這個經理謹慎地管理着他的業務。

④a number of表示“很多的,大量的”,後接可數名詞的複數,謂語動詞用複數形式。而the number of則表示“……的數量”,謂語動詞用單數形式。如:

A number of children play games online. 很多孩子在網上玩遊戲。

The number of cars is increasing year by year.

驕車的數量在逐年增長。

8.Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning,I decided to do an experiment.

意識到我能用風箏來吸引閃電,我決定做一個實驗。

having realised是現在分詞的完成式,在句中作狀語,表示其動作發生在主句的謂語動作之前,相當於when I had realized that…,再如:

Having answered the letter,she went on to listen to the radio.

回完了信,她開始接着聽收音機。

Having been praised at the meeting,the girl felt very happy.

在會上受到了表揚,這個女孩感到非常高興。

9.The string was getting charged. 細線開始帶電!

①charge作及物動詞,作“使……充滿,飽含”。如:

He’s charging a battery. 他正在為蓄電池充電。

②“get+過去分詞”表示“被(受)……”。get用在表示動作的動詞過去分詞之前表被動語態,它強調該動作和其所造成主語狀態的變化。如:

He got lost in the forest. 他在森林裏迷路了。

The audience got confused. 觀眾被搞糊塗了。

10.I was beginning to think that the experiment would not work.

當時我開始認為這項實驗行不通。

①work的意思是“起作用;產生影響;行得通;奏效”。例如:

The medicine seems to be working. 藥好像起作用了。

Will your method work? 你的方法行嗎?

②比較begin to do與begin doing:

1)begin後跟to do或doing,含義上沒有多少差異。如果談論一個長期的習慣動作開始養成時,更加常用begin doing。例如:

How old were you when you first began playing the piano?

2)當begin後面跟的是understand,realize,see,know,think等動詞時,用begin to do。例如:

She began to think she was wrong after a second thought.

經過重新考慮後,她開始認為她錯了。

3)當begin用於進行時態時,其後跟to do。如:

Mary is beginning to do her homework.

4)當主語是物或用於描述天氣變化時,其後跟to do如:

The water began to boil. 水開始開了。

It began to get dark before we knew it. 不知不覺地天黑下來了。

11.This experiment proves that lightning and electricity are the same.

這個實驗證明閃電與電相同的。

prove作為及物動詞,當“證明,證實”講,如:

The facts prove that he is a brave fighter.(prove + that從句)

事實證明他是一個勇敢的戰士。

He has proved his courage in the battle.(prove + n)

在戰鬥中已經證明了他的勇氣。

He proved himself to be a capable general.(prove+賓語+賓補)

他證明自己是一位有能力的將軍。

prove還可作系動詞,後接形容詞或名詞作表語,意為“證明是……”。如:

The method proved(to be)effective. 這種辦法證明是有效的。

He proved a successful manager. 他證明是一位成功的經理。

12.Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.

給風箏框上加上條尾巴並在中心架上系一條細線這樣就能控制風箏了。

①add作為及物動詞,意為“加,增加”如:

The fire is out,will you please add some wood?

火要滅了,請你添些木柴好嗎?

②add…to…意為“在……放(加)……”如:

If you add some salt to the soup,it will taste better.

如果你在湯裏放些鹽,湯的味道會更好些。

③add to = increase增加,增添。如:

This visit will greatly add to our understanding of our country.

這次訪問將大大增加我們對貴國的瞭解。

④add up to合計,總計。如:

His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.

他所受的學校教育加起來不到一年。

⑤tie…to…解釋“把……綁在(繫到)……上”。如:

The farmer tied the horse to a tree. 這個農夫把馬拴在一棵樹上。

13.Take care that the string does not touch the wall or the door.

注意不要讓長線碰到牆壁或門。

take care常用於以下結構:

①take care of(愛護;照顧)。例如:

She urged me to take care of myself. 她力勸我保重自己。

She stayed at home to take care of the baby. 她留在家裏照顧嬰兒。

②take care that…(小心;注意)。例如:

Take care that you don’t spoil your clothes.

當心不要把衣服弄髒。

二、詞語辨析

1.electric,electrical

這兩個詞都是“電的”意思。不同的是:electric指“由電產生的”或“帶電的裝置”;而“electrical”指“有關電學方面的”。

an electric clock/light/iron/wire

電子鐘/電燈/電熨斗/電線

electrical engineering電工學

an electrical engineer 電力工程師

2.pull,draw,drag

①pull是個普通用語,意為“用力拉”,指使物體朝着發出力的方向移動,不強調移動的方式。

Mother pulled me by the hand. 媽媽拉着我的手。

Pull the door open. Don’t push it. 把門拉開,別推。

②draw與pull意思接近,通常指“拖、拉”的動作比pull更均勻、平穩,從容

Out of the package he drew a paper and gave it to my father.

他從小包裏抽出一份文件遞給我父親。

After some time,he began to draw the net in.

過了一些時候,他開始收網。

③drag指艱難而緩慢地“拖、拉”較笨重的東西,含“費力和用勁”之意。

He dragged himself along the street.

他拖着沉重的腳步沿街走着。

3.be made of;be made from;be made into

be made of指成品中可以看出原材料。

be made from指在成品中看不出原材料。

be made into其主語是原料,指某種原料可以製成(某種成品)

4.high,highly

high用作形容詞時,其意思是“高的”,但常引電為“強烈的;高尚的;崇高的”。high還可用作副詞,其意思是“高;顯著的;強烈地”。

highly也是副詞,往往指抽象的高。