當前位置:才華都>教師之家>教學課件>

現在完成時複習課件

教學課件 閲讀(9.34K)

現在完成時複習課件

現在完成時複習課件

教學過程

一、複習預習

1.引入:I have read this book twice. Read 動作發生在過去。

2.現在完成時的動作發生在過去,對現在造成的影響。

3.現在完成時結構中have/has的作用:通過do/dose/be等聯想法推導出have/has的語法 功能。

二、知識講解

本節課主要知識點解析,中高考考點、易錯點分析

考點/易錯點1

基本結構:助動詞have/has+過去分詞(done)

否定句:主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他.

一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他.

簡略答語: Yes, 主語 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主語 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 用法

(1)現在完成時表示過去發生或已經完成的動作對現在造成的影響或結果

I have spent all of my money (so far).(含義是:現在我沒有錢花了.)

Guo zijun has (just/already) come. (含義是:郭子君現在在這兒)

My father has gone to work.(含義是:我爸爸現在不在這兒)

(2)現在完成時可以用來表示發生在過去某一時刻的,持續到現在的動作(用行為動詞表示)或狀態(be動詞表示),常與for(+時間段)或since(+時間點或過去時的句子)連用.

①for+時段

②since+過去一個時間點(譯為:自從以來)

③since+時段+ago

④since+從句(過去時)

⑤It is+時段+since+從句(過去時) Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998.

考點/易錯點2

現在完成時和一般過去式的區別:

一般過去時和現在完成時所表示的動作都發生在過去,那麼這兩種時態有什麼區別呢? ①一般過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語如yesterday, last year, just now等連用;強調動作在過去發生,與現在無關。

②現在完成時與自已的特徵詞already ,yet ,just ,ever ,never,before等連用,強調過去發生的動作對現在的影響或過去開始發生一直持續到現在的動作。

例: He saw the film last night. (過去時,表示他昨晚看過那部電影了,現在不知還要不要再看一次)

He has (ever) seen the film before.(現在完成時,表示他已看過那部電影,現在不想再看了)

③現在完成時可表示持續到現在的動作或狀態,動詞一般是延續性的。如:live, work,study等。而一般現在時對動詞是否延續無任何要求。

時間狀語的區別:

除了我們講過的already, yet, still,just, ever, never, since短語和 for短語外,還有許多時間狀語常用於現在完成時,我們要留心將它們和一般過去時的時間狀語區分開來:

1. lately, recently是完成時的時間狀語;just now 有a moment ago 之意,是過去時的時間狀語。如:

Have you heard from your family lately/recently? Did you see Joan just now?

2. in the past few years 意思是“過去幾年來”,常用於完成時中;in the past意思是“在過去”,常用於過去時中。 如:

Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.

Where did you work in the past?

3. ever since then與from then on / after that 都有“打那以後”之意,但前者常用於完成時,而後兩者常用於過去時。如:

She's lived here ever since then. I didn't hear of Jim from then on/after that.

4. before 通常用於完成時;通常用於過去時。如:

I have never been to Japan before. She went to Japan two years ago.

5. so far“到目前為止”, these days“這些天來”也是現在完成時常見的時間狀語。如: So far, no man has travelled farther than the moon.

What have you done these days?

考點/易錯點3:

現在完成時動詞持續性用法

持續性用法(肯定句,疑問句中謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞):表示過去已經開始,持續到現在的動作或狀態。此時常與“for +一段時間或“since+過去的點時間或從句(從句用一般過去時)以及so far(到目前為止)等時間狀語連用。

for + 段時間 / since +點時間

例:

1)I've lived here since 1990.自從1990年以來我就住在這裏。

= I've lived here since 21 years ago.

= I've lived here for 21 years.

= It is 21 years since I began to live here.

注意:①在這類句子的肯定句和疑問句中謂語動詞必須用延續性動詞。短暫性動詞由於動作不能持續,故不能與for(達到;累計)或since(自從。。。到現在)引出的時間狀語連用。 ②對for和since引導的時間狀語提問要用How long

1) 他入團兩年了。

誤:He has joined the League for two years.

正:He has been a League member for two years.

區別:have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法

1. have(has) been in 意為“已經在某地呆了多長時間”,常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生來上海已經有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。

2. have(has) been to意為“曾經去過某地”,表示現在已經不在那裏了。可與just, ever, never等連用。 如:

I've just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。

Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾經去過杭州嗎?

Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。

3. have(has) been to 後面可接次數,表示去過某地幾次。如:

I've been to Beijing three times. 我去過北京三次。

They have been to that village several times. 他們去過那個村莊好幾次了。

4. have(has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。 總之,説話時該人不在現場,一般不用第一、第二人稱代詞作句子的主語。如: ---Where is Tom? ---He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。

 三、例題精析

【試題】3~5道

【例題1】

【【題幹】Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .

A. knew B. have known C. must know D know

【答案】B

【解析】現在完成時主要強調過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響,或過去發生的動作還未結束,一直持續到現在或將來,重點在於對現在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往無時間狀語,需要從上下文分析、推理才行。正確答案是B。

【例題2】

【題幹】Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

A. will see B. have seen C. saw D

【答案】B

【解析】現在完成時還與once(一次),twice(兩次),three times(三次),several times(幾次)等表示重複次數的詞語連用。故應選B。

【例題3】

【題幹】—These farmers have been to the United States .

—Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone

【答案】B

【解析】現在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆,就是因為它們所表示的動作都發生在過去,但二者又有區別:一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的事存在的狀態或經常發生的'動作,説話的側重點在於陳述一件過去的事情,與現在沒有關係;現在完成時表示與現在有關係的發生在過去的動作,它不與表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)連用。故正確答案為B。

四、課堂運用

【基礎】 1. Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D know

2. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

A. already Br C D. Still

3. Have you met Mr Li ______?

A. just B. ago Cre D. a moment ago

答案及解析:

1、現在完成時主要強調過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響,或過去發生的動作還未結束,一直持續到現在或將來,重點在於對現在的影響。這種考查難度較大,往往無時間狀語,需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側根據上下文分析、推理,正確答案是B。

2、現在完成時常與already(已經),just(剛剛,正好),ever(曾經),never(從來,也不;從不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等連用。故2應選B。

3、C

【鞏固】

1. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year

A. is writing B writing Ce D written

2. -Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good

C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better

3. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying

答案及解析:

1、現在完成時常與recently(近來),so far(到目前為止),in the past/"last + 一段時間"等時間狀語連用。因為上述短語表示的是從現在起往前推算的一段時間,句中的動作是從過去某一時間或時刻開始持續到現在的。故2應選D。

2、C

3、現在完成時時常與"for +時間段或since +過去時間點"連用(含從句,從句過去時)。故3應選C。

【拔高】 1. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew

2. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .

A. will see B. have seen C. saw D

3. -These farmers have been to the United States .

-Really ? When _____ there ?

A. will they go B. did they go

C. do they go D. have they gone

答案及解析:

1、C

2、現在完成時還與once(一次),twice(兩次),three times(三次),several times(幾次)等表示重複次數的詞語連用。故2應選B。

3、現在完成時與一般過去時容易混淆,就是因為它們所表示的動作都發生在過去,但二者又有區別:一般過去時表示過去某個時間發生的事、存在的狀態或經常發生的動作,説話的側重點在於陳述一件過去的事情,與現在沒有關係;現在完成時表示與現在有關係的發生在過去的動作,它不與表示過去的時間狀語(如yesterday , last week ,

a moment ago等)連用。故3的正確答案為B。)

課程小結

1. 現在完成時的定義

2. 現在完成時裏表示一段時間的延續性動詞以及連續性動詞的用法

3. 現在完成時和一般過去時對比和總結

課後作業

【基礎】

1. -______ you ___ your homework yet ?

-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A. Did ; do ; finished B. Have ; done ; finished

C. Have ; done ; have finished D. will ; do ; finish

2. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

3. -Do you know him well ?

Sure _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made

答案及解析:

1、B

2、現在完成時中,非延續性動詞不能與for和since引導的表示一段時間的狀語連用,通常是用相應的延續性動詞來代替。故11的正確答案依次為:D。

3.B

【鞏固】

1. -How long have you ____ here ?

-About two months .

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived

2. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun B. had begun C. has been onD. Began

3. It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. is B. has C. will D. Was

答案及解析:

1、A 2、C 3、A。

【拔高】

1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A gone B. went C go D. has been

2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in B. have been to

C. have gone to D. have been

3. The students have cleaned the classroom, __________?

A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they

答案及解析:

1、"have/has gone to + 地點"表示"某人去了某地(還未回來)",指主語所指的人不在這兒。"have/has been in + 地點"表示"在某地呆了多長時間",常與表示時間的狀語連用。"have/has been to +地點"表示"曾經去過某地(但現在已不在那兒)。"故16的正確答案為A。

2、A

3、D