Unit 14 Zoology
Warming up
1. Match the words above with the humorous definitions below.
match vt./vi. 與。。。相配，與。。。相同，將。。。配對
The doors were painted blue to match the walls. 門漆成了藍色，為的是與牆的顏色相配。
None of these glasses match. 這些杯子沒有能配對兒的。
As a couple they are not very well matched作為夫妻他們並不十分般配。
n. 火柴，比賽，敵手，旗鼓相當的人，般配的人或物，相同的東西
I was no match for him at tennis. 打網球我不是他的對手。
I was his match at tennis. 打網球我跟他旗鼓相當。
The curtains and carpet are a good match. 窗簾和地毯非常相配。
Jo and Ian are a perfect match for each other. 喬和伊恩真是天造地設的一對兒。
區別 match, suit , fit
Match 多指大小，顏色，形狀，性質等方面搭配。
Suit 多指合乎需要，口味，性格，條件，地位等。
Fit 多指大小，形狀合適。
如：The People’s Great Wall and Historical Museum match the Tian’anmen beautifully.
No dish suits all tastes. 沒有人人都合口味的菜。
The new coats fits me well. 這件新衣服我穿著大小正合適。
2. get hold of 抓住
引申：catch/get/lay/seize/keep hold of 抓住，握住，捕捉，獲得
Lose hold of 鬆手放走。
Hold back 攔阻，阻擋, 隱瞞；抑制，控制情感等； 躊躇
Hold off 延遲，推遲
Hold on 等一下，堅持，挺住
Hold out 維持，堅持，伸手
Hold up 阻礙，舉出例子，提出。。。為榜樣。
3. take turns doing 輪流做某事
take turns (in sth / to do sth) 依次。輪流
The male and female birds take turns in sitting on the eggs. 雄鳥和雌鳥輪流伏窩。
We take it in turns to do the housework. 我們輪流做家務。
in turn 依次，輪流，相應地，轉而
The children called out their names in turn. 孩子們依次報出自己的名字。
Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.增加生產會繼而增加利潤。
By turns adv. 輪流, 交替
Beneath her external calm, she raged and felt frightened by turns.
Reading
1. Among the different kinds of bee, it is the honey-bee that has interested scientists most because of the “language ” they use to communicate with each other.
★★ 強調句的一些練習：
(1) 以一般疑問句出現
Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert?
A it you B not you C you D that yourself
(2) 以特殊疑問句形式出現
____ is it ____ has made Peter ___ he is today?
A What; that; that B That; that ; what C What; what; that D What; that ; what
(3) 以名詞性從句形式出現
I’ve already forgotten ____ you put the dictionary.
A that it was there B where was it that C that where it was D where it was that
(4) 與定語從句相結合
It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Professor Harris _________ they did the experiment.
A which ; that B that; what C whom; that D which; where
(5) 與not l 句型結合
It was not until it got dark that I left.
另外，注意與有it 的定語從句相區別：
It was midnight when he came back.
It was at midnight that he came back.
2. He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside.
Go on 的用法：
vi. 向前進行
We were all tired, so we couldn’t go on.我們都精疲力盡，無法前進。
繼續 (go on doing sth, go on with sth go on to do ）
I couldn’t finish my homework so I have to go on with it.
He went on working without taking a rest.
Time is limited, so let’s go on to the next subject. 時間有限，我們進入下一個主題吧。
（事件等）發生
It sounds as if there is a fight going on upstairs. 樓上好象有人打架。
(時間) 經過，過去
As the days went on it grew colder. 日子一天天過去， 天氣越來越冷。
3. observe vt. 觀察, 觀測, 遵守, （搭配：observe sb do/doing sth）
observe the speed limit; 遵守速度限制；
observe a child's behavior. 觀察一個孩子的行為
One must observe the rules. 我們(任何人)必須遵守規則。
4. In order to tell the bees apart, he painted some bees with little dots of color.
Tell apart 識別，辨別 如：
The twins are so much alike that we can hardly tell them apart. 這對雙胞胎太像了，我們幾乎分不出來誰是誰。
▲ tell … apart tell A from B tell the difference between A and B
distinguish A from/and B make a distinction between A and B
你能區別開簡和露絲嗎？
Can you tell Jane and Lucy apart? Can you tell Jane from Lucy?
Can you tell the difference between Jane and Lucy? Can you distinguish Jane and/from Lucy?
Can you make a distinction between Jane and Lucy?
5. They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movements.
Troop 用法n. [常用復]軍隊, 部隊 一群; 大量; 許多;
a troop of students on a field trip; 一群郊遊的學生；
the enemy troops have been driven out of the country. 敵軍被趕出了國土。
vi. 一組成群結隊地走, 排隊前進 (along, in, out, to)
They trooped away to the football game. 他們成群地去看足球。
The students trooped into the auditorium. 學生們列隊走入大禮堂。
6. They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.
The +形容詞/副詞比較級。。。， the +形容詞/副詞比較級， 意思是越。。。就越
The higher we stand, the farther we see. 站得越高，看得越遠。
The sooner you do it, the better it will be. 越早越好。
7. So another astonishing fact came to light. 於是又發現了另外一個令人驚訝的的情況。
Come to light 被人知道（發現）顯露，暴露，被發現
New facts about ancient Egypt have recently come to light. 最近有一些關於古代埃及的事實被發現了。
bring …to light 將…曝光，揭露
throw/cast light on/ upon 使明白，解釋
see the light =finally understand
set light to sth.=light
new facts _______________ on the matter. 那些新事實使這個問題更明朗化。
evidence has recently _________________. 最近發現了新的證據。
past was____________________. 他的往事被揭發了。
8. warn sb. of sth.
against/about doing
(not) to do
that clause
The doctor warned him of the danger of smoking.
against smoking.
not to smoke.
smoking is harmful to health.
9. 大學聯考會考查比較級的重要句型
考點說明：比較級有許多熱點句型：from bad to worse/worse and worse(每況愈下)；more and more (越來越多的，越來越……)；the +比較級，the+比較級(越……越……)； to make the matter worse/what's worse/worse than all/worse than ever (更糟糕的是)等。
典型題例：
1.________the temperature, ________ water turns into steam.
A. The high; the fast B. Higher; faster
C. The more higher; the faster D. The higher; the faster
2. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ________. (NMET2001上海)
A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be
3. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn,________. (NMET2002上海)
A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life
方法揭祕：分析語境含義和句子結構看是否符合"the+比較級，the+比較級"句型的需要。
10. clarify vt. 澄清 ，闡明
clarify matters 澄清真相 clarify one's position 澄清某人的立場
clarify butter. 使奶油純淨 clarify the mind. 理清想法
Even the professor couldn't clarify the knotty point. 甚至教授也無法解決這個棘手問題。
Integrating skills
1. it ;that; one 做替代詞的用法
1）it 代替的是前面提到的同一事物。所代的名詞可以是可數名詞，也可以是不可數名詞。
如： he cast his net for the first time, and drew in the body of an animal. 他撒第一網的時候打上來的是一頭動物的屍體。
Hibernations is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep. 冬眠不同於睡覺，它是一種更深沉的睡眠。
2）one 或ones 代替前面提到同名事物中任何一個。 其前面可以有冠詞。 還可以被this, that, 或形容詞修飾，後面可以有定語。
The population problem may be the greatest one of the world today. 人口問題可能是世界最大問題。
Which jacket is yours? The white one.
3) that 代替前面提到的名詞中特指的事物，可以指代可數名詞或不可數名詞。
The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school.
The weather of this week is worse than that of last week.
The quality of iron produced in your factory is better than that in their factory.
4) 如果前面提到的名詞是複數名詞，則用they , them. Ones, those 代替。
What’s in these cups? ---There is some tea in them.
He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light one.
Those weren’t the right men, professor.
5) it 和that可以代替前面整個句子。而one 不能。
---We’ll try our best to catch them. ---It’s not necessary, sir.
Dr Brown said they had talked about my invention. But that was not possible.
6) 間或it 可以先出現， 用來代替後面分句中的某一名詞或整個分句的意思， 而 one that 不能。
2. except , except for, except that, except when…
All came except Jane.
except for 例句：
He is a good man except for hot temper.
And now it's almost finished, except for one last job.
Except for Governmental action, there will be no increase in the cost of your holiday.
except that例句
You'd have thought they were best friends or something, except that girls don't have proper friends the way boys do.
I'm of medium height, fairly well-built except that my breasts are rather small.
except when例句
There is a very real danger that Venetian churches will be forced to close to the public except when services are being conducted.
But I've never been able to write except when I was stone cold sober.
3. conduct vt. 進行 引導， 帶領， 牽引 指揮 導（電） 表現 處理， 經營， 實施
conduct both domestic and foreign affairs 搞國內外事務
conduct an experiment 做實驗
conduct a survey 進行偵察
conduct an opera 指揮樂曲
conduct oneself in a most gracious manner 表現得極為溫文爾雅
conduct one's private affairs 處理私事
Curator conducted the visitors round the museum. 館長領著遊客們在博物館中參觀。
Copper conducts electricity better than other materials. 銅導電比其它材料好。
He conducts himself well. 他行為端正。
