1、一般情况下，在名词词尾加s: car-cars, book-books
2、以s, x, ch, sh结尾的.可数名词，在词尾加es.
bus-buses box-boxes peach-peaches dish-dishes
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的可数名词，变y为i再加es.
Dictionary-dictionaries family-families
4、以f或fe结尾的可数名词，变f或fe为v，再加es。
knife-knives leaf-leaves
以f或fe结尾的可数名词直接加s, 或变f或fe为v,再加es。
Handkerchief- handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves
Scarf-scarfs/scarves roof-roofs belief-beliefs gulf-gulfs
5、以o结尾的可数名词，词意是无生命的名词加s, 有生命的名词加es.
photo-photos radio-radios zoo-zoos video-videos piano- pianos
tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes hero-heroes
