小学英语一般过去时语法详解
一、概念
表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。通常在句子里找到表示过去时间的词或词组。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday（前天），last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago（刚才），just now（刚才）， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。 如： I went to bed at eleven last night.昨晚我11：00睡觉。
二、动词过去式的构成规律
(一)规则动词的过去式
1、一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed；如：look→looked play→playe d；
2、以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d；如：live→lived use→used；
3、以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed；如：study→studied, try→triedfly→flied
4、以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned；
(二)不规则动词的过去式（后附不规则动词变化表）
1、改变动词中的元音；
begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→wonspeak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got
2、变词尾的–d 为–t ； build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent
3、与动词原形一样； cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut
4、变-ay 为-aid (少数动词)； say→said pay→paid lay→laid
5、采用不同词根；sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought
6、其他。如：am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did
三、句式变化
（一）一般过去时的一般疑问句
1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不变。由Was…？引导的一般疑问句，肯定答为：Yes，… was. 否定回答为：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were…？引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答为：Yes，… were. 否定回答为：No，… weren’t. 如：
（1）I was born in Shanghai. →Were you born in Shanghai?
→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)
（2）They were in Li Yan’s home last night.
→Were they in Li Yan’s home last night?
→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)
2、在行为动词的'句子中，要用助动词词did来引导，其余的语序不变。要注意的是，要把行为动词的过去式改为原形。肯定回答为：Yes, …did. 否定回答：No, …didn’t. 如：
John played computer games last night.
→Did John play computer games last night?
→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)
（二）一般过去时的否定句
1、在表示过去存在的状态的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。
如：（1）He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day before yesterday.
(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.
2、在表示过去的时间发生的动作的句子中，要在行为动词的前面加助动词didn’t.然后把过去式的行为动词改为动词原形。即：didn’t + 动词原形。如：
（1）She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.
(2) They swam in the lake yesterday. →They didn’t swim in the lake yesterday.
(三) 一般过去式的特殊疑问句
did … ?（主要是询问过去发生了什么事情，注意要把过去式改为动词原形。）
We ate Chinese food last night. →What did we eat last night?
e did ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的地方。)
They sang and dance in the music room yesterday morning.
→Where did they sing and dance yesterday morning?
+ 动词过去式 … ?( 主要是询问过去事情发生的人物。)
Mike and Tom climbed mountains last weekend.
→Who climbed mountains last weekend?
四、句子结构
1、在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。如：
（1）I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 （2）We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。
2、在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。如：
I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。
3．各种句式
（1）一般过去时的肯定陈述句：
主语 ＋ 动词过去式 ＋ 宾语或表语。
He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.
（2）一般过去时的否定句：
a．主语 ＋ didn’t ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 宾语。 (did + not = didn't)
He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.
b．主语 ＋ wasn’t/weren’t ＋表语。(was + not = wasn't were + not = weren't)
He wasn't an English teacher ten years ago.
（3）一般过去时的一般疑问句：
a．Did ＋ 主语 ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 宾语 ？
Did you study English in 1990 ?
b．Was/Were + 主语 ＋ 表语 ？
Was he a pupil five years ago ?
（4）一般过去时的特殊疑问句：
a．特殊疑问词 ＋ did + 主语 ＋ 动词原形 ＋ 宾语？
Where did your parents live five years ago？
What did you do last Sunday？
b．特殊疑问词 ＋ were/was ＋ 表语？
Who was at the zoo yesterday?
小学英语一般过去时练习题及答案
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空
and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.
_________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. So I _______ (get ) up late.
__________ (read) English yesterday morning.
e _________ (be) no one here a moment ago.
5.I ___________ (call) Mike this morning.
6.I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.
___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.
week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm.
mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.
watches TV every evening. But she _______________ (not watch) TV last night.
11.________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year?
12. —What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday?
—We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.
__________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?
year the teacher ___________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.
e ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)
e __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)
e _____________ any hospitals (医院) in my hometown (家乡) in 1940. ( be not)
e ____________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there?
____________ to Japan last week. ( move)
20. –When _______ you _________ (come) to China? - Last year.
she ________ (have) supper at home?
____________ (not clean) the room just now.
23._________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?
many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?
________ (be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside.
26. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no time to watch it.
27. He ate some bread and _________ (drink) some milk.
28. ________ he __________ (finish) his homework last night?
29. I__________(be) tired yesterday.
30. I ___________(gain ) Arts degree last year.
31. What _________ you ___________ (do) last night?
32. My grandfather _________ (leave) Hong Kong for New York in 1998.
33. What _______ he ________ (do) yesterday?
34. Last week I _______ (buy) a new bike.
35. He ________ (be) here just now.
36. He __________ (not find ) his key last night.
37. My father __________ (drink) a lot of wine yesterday.
38. ________ you ________ (finish) your homework yesterday?
39. I ________ (eat) some eggs and bread this morning.
40. Her mother __________ (not give) the girl any present.
二、改错题
1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________
2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________
3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________
4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________
5． Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________
6． Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________
7． I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________
8． He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________
9． Who find it just now ? ________________________________________
三、按要求变换句型
1. Father bought me a new bike. （同义句）
Father bought _______ _______ ________ ________ me.
2. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）
_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?
3. He’s cleaning his rooms. （划线提问）________ he _______?
4. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）
_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?
5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）
Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10 on this book.
6. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）
________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?
7. I didn’t have any friends. （一般疑问句）
________ _______ have _______ friends?
8. I think she is Lily’s sister. （否定句）____________________
9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）
Sally _______ often ______ some reading in the morning.
10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问）
_______ _______ he _______ ________?
四、句型转换
They read English last night.
否定句：__________________________________________
一般疑问句：________________________________________
肯定/否定回答：____________________________________
对划线部分提问：____________________________________
【参考答案】
一、
2. didn’t go got 3. read 4. was 5. called d n ed ’t do ’t watch 11. Did go get got 13. made 14. told 16. were n’t d ’t clean were had k finish ed do do ht ’t find k finish ’t give
二、--was --went --went --could --see h--watching 't 后加上 do
ed --found
三、
1.a new bike to
read 's doing don't you 't spend e were my going
I any 8.I don't think she is Lily's sister. n't do does look like
didn't read English last night.
四、
Did they read English last night?
Yes,they did./No,they didn't.
What did they do last night?
